A novel series of antimony (V) complexes with the hydroxypyranone and hydroxypyridinone ligands were synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR and electron spin ionization mass spectroscopic (ESI-MS) techniques. The synthesis process involved protection of hydroxyl group followed by the reaction of the intermediate with primary amines and finally deprotection. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro activities against the amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania major. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good antileishmanial activity against both forms of L. major. IC50 values of the most active compounds; 9d, 9d and 9e, after 24, 48 and 72 h against amastigote model were 15, 12. 5 and 5. 5 μ g/mL, respectively. 9e, 11 and 9e inhibited the promastigote form of parasite after 24, 48 and 72 h with IC50 values of 10, 2 and 1 μ g/mL, respectively.

Background: Leishmaniasis infection threatens millions of people in under developing and developing countries. Treatment of this neglected disease is very complicated. Subjects and Methods: A novel series of antimony (V) complexes using bidentate ligands of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones have been designed and synthesized. For the synthesis of the complexes, SbCl5 in water was added to the solution of each ligand at 60° C and the pH of mixture was adjusted to 8 using aqueous NaOH. After 24 h stirring, extraction of produced compound into acetone gave the desired complex. The structure of complexes was achieved by using FTIR, 1HNMR, and electron spin ionization mass spectroscopic techniques. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro anti amastogote form of Leishmania major. Results and Conclusion: The most potent antimony complexes against amastigotes were 5b (after 48 and 72 h) and 5a (after 72 h) with IC50 values of 24. 4, 16. 3, and 30. 1 µ g/mL, respectively. Furthermore, antimony and iron complexes were used together for in vitro anti amastigote form of L. major activity. These compounds were toxic for macrophages and destroyed them.

Acetohydroxamic Acid, CH3CONHOH,Forms Highly Stable Complexes With Vanadium (V) And Vanadium (IV) In 1:1, 1:2 And 1:3 Mole Ratios. The Stability of These Complexes Can Be Determined In Terms Of Thermodynamic Parameters; ΔG, ΔH And ΔS, The Preliminary Data, Obtained Through Ph Titration At Various Temperatures, Was Processed And Analyzed By The Computer Program BEST For The Refinement Of Graphically Calculated Log b values. Graphs Of In b Versus L/t, Gave A Straight Line, With A Slope –ΔH/R And Intercept ΔS/R. Enthalpy And Free Energy Changes For V(V) Complexes Were Found In The Order Of M L > M L2 > M L3 With A Negative Sign. Whereas Entropy Change Was Found To Be In The Same Order But Positive, For Vanadium (IV) Acetohydroxamic Acid Complexes, The Order Of ΔG, ΔH And ΔS Was M L > ML3 > ML2. The ΔS Is Most Positive For A 1:1 Complex, While ΔG And ΔH Are More Negative For The Same.

The complexive ability of p-sulphonato-calix[6]arene towards dioxovanadium(V) has been evaluated in acidic aqueous solution (pH 1.7) using UV–Vis spectrophotometric technique. The result showed that the ligand is capable to complex with the oxo-cations by 1: 1 cation to ligand ratios. Formation constant of the system has been determined at different temperatures (25 to 40oC). Considering the formation constant values, the binding selectivity of the ligand towards the oxo-cations at 25 oC is in the order VO2+. The thermodynamic parameters have evaluated and are interpreted in terms of the importance of the various interactions responsible for the complexation. A roughly linear relationship between DHo and TDSo has been observed for the studied systems and those were reported in the literature. Finally, the host and guest desolvation involved in the complexation processes are discussed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the calixarene emulsion, which can be regarded as a promising treatment for dioxovanadium cutaneous contamination.

We have recently synthesized Ti(BH4)(3)(THF)(3) and V(BH4)(2)(TMEDA)(2) complexes. The reaction of TiCl3(THF)(3) with NaBH4 in dry THF gave flat blue crystals, Ti(BN4)(3)(THF)(3). The reaction of VCl3 with NaBH4 in presence of N, N, N", N"-tetramethylethylenediamine, TMEDA, produced violet crystals, V(BH4)(2)(TMEDA)(2). Vibrational and magnetic properties of Ti(BH4)(3)(THF)(3) and V(BH4)(2)(TMEDA)(2) have been studied.

Nitrophenols 2a-j were synthesized in moderate to high yields via nitration of phenols by antimony nitrate, Sb (NO3) 3.5H2O, as an efficient nitrating reagent. The reactions were carried out at room temperature by grinding equimolar amounts of phenol compound and Sb (NO3) 3.5H2O in an ice-water bath.

A B S T R A C T The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Both library and field methods have collected the information required for this research. The statistical population of the research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size according to the Cochran formula was 364. The study results of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among the investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had the lowest connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes, and the highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with increase of sociability. Among the other results of this research, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient among the investigated components. In the first place, the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, the multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in the third place, the security component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in the fourth place and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the   theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability.